Ruins of Warsaw's Napoleon Square in the aftermath of World War II

Most of World War II's Dead Were Civilians

Most estimates for World War II suggest around 60 million deaths, and about 40 million were civilians. In modern war, people outside the fighting can pay the heaviest price.

Why Civilians Pay So Much in War

Image of a bomb-damaged residential building in Kyiv, Ukraine, highlighting wartime devastation.

War Reaches Far Beyond Battlefields

War destroys roads, hospitals, power systems, and food supplies. It can also trigger famine, disease, displacement, and atrocities. Even a medium-sized conflict can cut civilian life expectancy by one year.

Why Civilians Pay So Much in War