A close-up shot of mathematical equations on a book page, perfect for education and learning concepts.

A margin note that haunted math

Fermat’s Last Theorem was conjectured in 1637 and proved in 1994 by Andrew Wiles, using deep modern tools.

Mathematics: Number Theory’s Long Game

This is the Ulam spiral, which illustrates the distribution of prime numbers. The dark diagonal lines in the spiral hint at the hypothesized approximate independence between being prime and being a value of a quadratic polynomial, a conjecture now known as Hardy and Littlewood's Conjecture F.

Simple questions, hard answers

Goldbach’s conjecture says every even number greater than 2 is a sum of two primes. It’s still unproven.

Mathematics: Number Theory’s Long Game