Close-up photo of a detailed human skull with focus on teeth and cranium.

Europe’s first known human wasn’t us

Homo erectus georgicus lived about 1.8 million years ago in Georgia. Other early remains near Atapuerca date to roughly 1 million years ago.

Before Us: Europe’s Deep Prehistory

Detailed shot of a chimpanzee in a display setting, highlighting its expressive eyes.

Neanderthals arrive, then vanish

Neanderthals appeared about 150,000 years ago and disappear from the record around 40,000 years ago, with a final refuge in the Iberian Peninsula.

Before Us: Europe’s Deep Prehistory

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