An impression of the Archean, the eon after Earth's formation, featuring round stromatolites, which are early oxygen-producing forms of life from billions of years ago. After the Late Heavy Bombardment, Earth's crust had cooled, its water-rich barren surface is marked by continents and volcanoes, with the Moon still orbiting Earth half as far as it is today, appearing 2.8 times larger and producing strong tides.[228]

Born from a colossal collision

A Mars‑size body, Theia, struck early Earth. Debris coalesced into the Moon.

Earth & Moon: A Crash Made Our Companion

A clear view of the full moon in a dark night sky, highlighting lunar details.

The Moon’s grip on us

Its gravity raises tides and helps stabilize Earth’s tilt. The Moon is tidally locked, always showing the same face.

Earth & Moon: A Crash Made Our Companion

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