A 17th-century plaque to the [Dutch] United East India Company, the VOC, in Hoorn

It Was Richer Than You Think

By 1669, the Dutch East India Company, or VOC, was described as the richest private company the world had ever seen. It had over 150 merchant ships, 40 warships, 50,000 employees, and a private army of 10,000 soldiers.

Dutch East India Company: How the Richest Company Fell

An open ledger book showing yellowing pages and handwritten entries, symbolizing the passage of time.

For Years, It Printed Wealth

The company paid annual dividends averaging about 18% for almost 200 years. At its peak, investors saw a trading machine that seemed too vast to fail.

Dutch East India Company: How the Richest Company Fell

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