Mathematical study scene with open book, graph paper, and pen for learning and homework.

When computers proved theorems

The four color theorem and optimal sphere packing were cracked with computer assistance—an era-defining shift.

Mathematics: Machines, Proofs, and P vs NP

Detailed view of mathematical equations and diagrams on a blackboard.

The biggest open question

P versus NP remains unsolved. Its resolution could reshape countless computationally difficult problems.

Mathematics: Machines, Proofs, and P vs NP